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Quality Management Systems
Quality management systems are a good foundation for any
quality journey.Today, many standards
and third party certification programs are very popular, such as ISO-9001:2000,
TS-16949, COPC and CMM.The
ISO-9001:2000 is a generic standard and can be applied by any company.However, industry specific quality management
systems are gaining popularity, such as TS-16949, COPC and CMM for Automotive,
Call center/BPO and software respectively.
Large number of companies are already certified or in the
process of certification.Some of the
questions raised by these companies regarding six sigma are:
- We are ISO-9001:2000 certified can we implement six
sigma?
- We are planning to implement CMM level 5 and should
we wait till the assessment is complete?
- If we implement six sigma, do we still need to go for
COPC?
Quality management systems are basic systems to stream line
the processes in the company.All these
standards also expect the company to adopt a continuous improvement approach
and demonstrate improvements in all processes.Further, they are not prescribing any specific philosophy to be
adopted.There are several continuous
improvement philosophies, such as Kaizen, TPM,
QC, BPR etc.Six Sigma is also a continuous improvement
philosophy and fully meets the requirements of all these quality management
systems.
Integration of Six sigma initiative with all the above quality
management systems is discussed in the following sections – in general and
specific to each standard.
Six Sigma and Quality Management Systems
Six Sigma can be implemented by certified companies and also
by the companies just starting the implementation of the quality management
systems.
Six Sigma approach can be used to improve the effectiveness of
the quality management system.One of
the limitation of the quality management systems is the company will be
focusing on developing large number of procedures, work instructions (typically
the number could be few hundreds).However, realistically no one can focus on so many areas.Six Sigma approach is based on pareto
principle, only 20% of these procedures are responsible for 80% value addition
or risk.However, either internal or
external auditors might not have audited most of these critical procedures even
once in 10 years period.Some of them
could be very critical processes from the company point of view.It would be a good idea to categorize the processes
into critical, major and minor from customer perspective and define the type of
control accordingly.
Further, in developing systems Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
methodology can be used to create robust processes.Robust process is one which is insensitive to
noise in the inputs and process and deliver consistent results.This is one of the best ways of integrating
six sigma with the quality management systems.
Six Sigma tools can be integrated into quality management procedures.For example, when writing a process for
developing new product, service or software, six sigma tools such as QFD,
Pugh’s concept selection matrix etc. can be specified at appropriate
steps.This will make six sigma a way of
working in the company and is the most effective way of implementing six sigma.
The following sections highlight the integration of six sigma
with some of the popular quality management systems.
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